Federalism
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“And this also has been one of the dark places of the earth.” Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness (1902) In early 1919, the British journalist Henry Noel Brailsford spent almost four months traveling through central and eastern Europe. His editor at the Herald, George Lansbury, had sent him there in the aftermath of World War…
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Carlo Cattaneo rarely gave a thought to Italy’s political organization, at least not in his published writings, until his involvement in the Revolutions of 1848 turned his world upside down. A native of Milan and a subject of the Austrian Empire after the Congress of Vienna, Cattaneo (1801–1869) did not begin as a revolutionary. The…
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For Europeans in the 1860s, federalism was a familiar idea. Federations had been proposed as possible solutions for both Italian and German unification. In 1858, at Plombières, Louis Napoleon had suggested reorganizing Italy as a federation of four princely states with the pope at its head. A Germanic Confederation had existed ever since the Congress…
World without Borders 